Volume3

Present research involves the evaluation of Bolton discrepancies among the male and female visit the Government Dental College and Hospital, Patiala. Methods: Total 330 samples were taken which involve 160 of male and 170 of female patients. Statistical analysis was done in respect of Bolton’s anterior ratio and overall ratio was calculated. Results: North Indians, the mean overall interact tooth width ratio among males was slightly higher than the females. Mean overall anterior interact tooth width ratio among males was also observed found to be vaguely higher as compared with females.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), being the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide, is characterized by local invasion and high metastatic and recurrence rates. Lymphangiogenesis facilitates invasion and nodal metastasis, and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) has been implicated as a key mediator of this process. The aim of the present study was to determine VEGF-C expression in OSCC and its association with clinicopathological parameters and lymph node metastasis in our population.

Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times for the treatment of a range of diseases. Nowadays medicinal plants have attained a significant role in health system all over the world for both humans and animals not only in the diseased condition but also as potential material for maintaining proper health. In this era, focus on plant research has increased all over the world and a large body of evidence has been accumulated to highlight the immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems of medicine.

An accessory spleen is a small nodule of splenic tissue found apart from the main body of the spleen. It is also called as supernumerary spleen, splenule or splenunculus. Present in upto 20% of the population, one or more accessory spleens may also occur in up to 30% of patients with hematologic disease & 10-44% of necropsies. Mostly it is asymptomatic and is found incidentally on Computer Tomography scan or during other abdominal surgeries. It is symptomatic in few cases where it presents as lump in abdomen. We present a case of large splenunculi presenting as lump in abdomen.

Background: Bacterial dysbiosis is considered to be an important contributory factor to the development of IBS.

Methods: A survey was conducted with 91 physicians across India to determine the usage profile of probiotics in IBS patients and to assess their awareness about the importance of maintaining the cold chain for ensuring the viability of the probiotic bacteria and the benefits of indigenous strains of bacteria as probiotics.

Introduction: National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) recommends either Zidovudine or Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) as one of the reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) to be included in the first-line ART regimens- Zidovudine, Nevirapine and Lamivudine regimen (ZNL regimen); and Tenofovir, Lamivudine and Efavirenz regimen (TLE regimen). Tenofovir has been variously documented as a potential agent that can cause nephrotoxicity and bone mineral disease, but, there are conflicting observations about the clear evidence of any Tenofovir-induced nephrotoxicity and related aspects.

Introduction: Teething is defined as a natural physiological process that is experienced by all children which commences from 6 months to about 3 years of age. A wide range of symptoms may be conjoined with teething and because of the controversy regarding the seriousness of some disturbances during tooth eruption, this study was designed to evaluate the knowledge about teething signs & symptoms and practice used to alleviate the pain associated with these symptoms among parents residing in Panchkula district, Haryana.

Mrdvikadi lehya is a special type of Ayurvedic formulation mainly used for respiratory tract infections. Infections are common due to the easy spread of large variety of organisms. It is a major challenge to the health system in developing countries due to high morbidity and mortality rate. Most of the infections occur due to weak immunity in peoples. A healthy immune system can defend against disease causing microorganisms. The Immunity and strength can be enhanced by the use of immunomodulators.

Background: Innovations are always part of any field. The field of medical education too has experimented with various teaching modalities. The use of social media has been one such platform for disseminating medical education. With the rapid penetration of mobile internet, the increasing popularity of smartphones and the accompanying proliferation of smartphone based applications have opened new avenues to the current age tech savvy medical teacher to experiment with such innovative resources like chat application based medical education.

Introduction: The Circle of Willis is a vascular network formed at the base of skull in the interpeduncular fossa. Its anterior part is formed by the anterior cerebral artery, from either side. Anterior communicating artery connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries. Posteriorly, the basilar artery divides into right and left posterior cerebral arteries and each joins to ipsilateral internal carotid artery through a posterior communicating artery.