There are almost as many ways to look at the world of infectious disease as there are infectious agents. India is a densely populated tropical country with burden of very high. infectious diseases. Cultures and serological assays are usually used for microbial identification in infectious diseases. However culturing and isolation of fastidious pathogens which are not always available can be difficult and may take weeks or months to yield results. On the other hand, culture alone can't distinguish colonization from tissue invasion. Serological tests can be difficult to interpret in the setting of immunosuppression or when only a single sample is available for evaluation.Hence the pivotal role of molecular diagnosis is indispensible in Evidenced-based Laboratory Medicine.The panel-based molecular diagnostics for the rapid detection of pathogens have resulted in thinking about something changes completely in clinical microbiology and clinical practice. These Panel based tests are valid and reliable with rapid turnaround time and the detection of a large number of microorganisms and test interpretation. To observe fastidious organisms like Brucella, in sepsis/ PUO, in traditional blood cultures requires a longer time.CRP/PCT helps in presumptive but not in definitive diagnosis whereas in syndrome panel-based Microarray results can be obtained within an hour. These are fast and sensitive. The film Array blood culture identification panel (Biofire), the range now covers 4 major syndromes like respiratory infections including pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections, Meningitis/Encephalitis, and Septicemia. Sputum cultures are not very sensitive in molecular diagnostics in respiratory diseases and difficult to obtain samples in the pediatric population. Similarly, viral infections cannot be diagnosed using traditional methods. Histological examination, more sensitive, cannot identify the responsible fungi. The Galactomannan for fungal pneumonia needs to be done serially and prone to false-positive results. In order to deal with menace of drug-resistant bacteria, give effective treatment.LIPA (Line probe assay) molecular hybridization tool to diagnose non-tubercular mycobacterium, differentiation within MTB complex and drug susceptibility testing (Identification of resistance genes) India is a hot spot for the emergence of viral diseases. Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus and can be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. The molecular diagnosis helped to identify the pathogen. The new molecular test should provide reliable, cost-effective and timely results necessary for diagnosis and management. Test selection should not be based solely on cost. Performance characteristics and impact on patient care and management are critical components of the decision.
