Correlation between fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology findings in the evaluation of palpable and radiologically detected suspicious breast lesions, in chhattisgarh institute of medical sciences, bilaspur, chhattisgarh

Background: As of the end of 2020, There were 7.8 million women alive who were diagnosed with breast cancer in past 5 year thus early diagnosis is necessary for proper management and to prevent early death of the patients. Clinical examination like size of tumour, consistency, mobility, overlying skin changes and adherence of underlying structures gives important clue for differentiation between benign and malignant lesion. Mammography/ultrasonography is another screening modality to categorization of breast lump in benign and malignant lesion. Histopathology is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of breast cancers. Self breast examination, screening programs, mammography, FNAC, MRI and immunohistochemistry also play important role in early diagnosis and proper management of the disease. Objective: To correlate the cytological findings with histopathological features in clinically and radiologically detected suspicious breast lesions. Method: This retrospective study was carried out in the department of pathology, Chhattisgarh Institute of Medical Sciences (CIMS), Bilaspur, (C.G.) during January 2015 to February 2022. Study included total of 200 cases with breast lesions among which cyto-histopathological correlations were obtained in 72 cases. The slides were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) stain. Cytological histopathological findings were analyzed. Result: The present study included 72 cases out of which 47 cases (65.27%) were benign and 25 cases (34.72%) were malignant. This study showed that frequency of right breast lesions were high (56%) compare to left (40%). There were (4.0%) bilateral cases. Frequency of Benign breast lesions was higher in less than 30 years (6 -35 years) age group and malignant lesions were more in higher than 30 years (25-70 year). 50 cases (69.44%) present as a lump, they are small, freely mobile, not associated with skin changes comes under benign. Rest 22 (30.55%) cases presented as lump with skin changes, discharge, nipple retraction, adhere to the chest comes under malignant lesion. The sensitivity of FNAC was found to be 96.00%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.91%. The accuracy rate was calculated as 98.6%. Conclusion: The present study concludes that clinical and radiological features support the diagnosis of FNAC and further confirms by histopathological examination. So FNA is very helpful for accurate and rapid diagnosis of breast lesions with high specificity, sensitivity and accuracy.