Infections of the Central nervous system (CNS) account for significant morbidity and mortality. Most of the infections present as a medical emergency; need prompt treatment. The CNS consistes of brain and spinal cord; covered by three layers of meninges-duramater (outermost) arachnoid and piamater (latter two are called leptomeninges). Meningitis is an inflammation of leptomeninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord, with involvement of the subarachnoid space. The agents implicated in pyogenic meningitis may vary according to age. Meningitis in neonates and infants caused by E.coli, Group B Streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes. In children, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, where as in adults Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae produce meningitis. The most common meningitis causing bacteria are, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis. The bacteria enter into the body through throat. The infection is transmitted from person- to- person through droplets of respiratory sections from cases or nasopharyngeal carriers. Organisms may gain access to the meninges by several routes such as hematogenous, direct spread from an infected site or anatomical defect in central nervous system causing causing fever, chills and rash, soon these bacteria settle in meninges causing inflammation. This causes pressure in head, and the patient feels severe headache. Neck becomes stiff. The patient often becomes confused or even unconscious the patient may have convulsions which are twitching and jerking of the body that cannot control.
