Comparative study of drug damage caused on neural tube development in chick embryos administered with cyclophosphamide and sodium valproate

Cyclophosphamide: Cyclophosphamide, also called Cytoxan, is classified as a “cytotoxic agent”, because it has a toxic effect on many types of cells (“good” cells as well as “bad”). Cyclophosphamide is one of a number of medications first developed as a chemotherapy drug (a medication used in the treatment of cancer) Cyclophosphamide (CP), is used in chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system. it is used to treat lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, and sarcoma. As an immune suppressor it is used in nephrotic syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and following organ transplant. It is taken orally or injection into a vein.
Sodium Valproate: Sodium Valproate is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug and is used to treat either generalised or focal seizuresand bipolar disorder. It has also been used for neuropathic pain and migraine prophylaxis. Valproate causes birth defects; exposure during pregnancy is associated with about three times major abnormalities as mainly spina bifida with the risks being related to the strength of medication used and use of more than one drug. It causes "valproate syndrome". Characteristics of this valproate syndrome include triangle-shaped forehead, epicanthic folds with altered physical characteristics (dysmorphic features).
In the present study fertilized eggs were administered with Cyclophosphamide and Sodium Valproate in two different sets of eggs. The development of Neural Tube was studied during 21 days of incubation. The gross features of Neural Tube were identified during different stages of development. Cyclophosphamide and Sodium valproate cause cytotoxicity results in depression of proliferation of cell activity associated with malformations and embryonic death. Injection of the these drugs causes depression of mitotic activity to different levels of malformations.