The aim of this work was to contribute to the analysis of the epidemiological aspects of congenital malformations detectable at birth.
Population and method. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from January 2018 to May 2018 (5 months) in the neonatology unit of the pediatric ward and in the delivery room of the COCODY CHU. Included were all live or dead newborns with one or more clinically detectable malformations. Variables analyzed included malformation type, anthropometric parameters of newborns, socio-demographic data of parents, obstetric data (pregnancy and parity), medical history of previous malformations, spontaneous abortion and radiation exposure. first trimester of pregnancy. The notion of taking toxic and folic acid in peri-conception period (one month before conception and during the first two months of pregnancy).
Results: The prevalence was 5 cases per 1000 births. The most common types of malformations were polydactyly, club feet, neural tube closure abnormalities, cleft lip and palate, omphalocele, and sexual ambiguity. The combination of myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus was the most common polymalformation. The sex ratio was 1.1. The malformed newborns were mostly mothers aged between 26 and 35 (49.5%), single (61.7%), housewives (28.7%), with a secondary level of education (56.7%)., 4%). The suspected risk factors are maternal fever in the first trimester (31.4%), antecedents of spontaneous abortion (23.4%), primiparity (36.6%) and the absence of peri-conceptional supplementation. folic acid (100%).
CONCLUSION: Congenital malformations are common pathologies in Côte d'Ivoire. There is no national prevention strategy.
