Association between glycemic control and serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with dyslipidemia are soft targets of cardiovascular deaths. Very few studies have previously tried to find correlation between HbA1c levels and lipid profile. In present study primary objective was compare dyslipidaemia between good glycemic control and poor glycemic control groups whereas secondary objective was to find correlation between fasting serum glucose (FBS), two hours post prandial serum glucose (PPBS) and HbA1c and serum lipid profile in type 2 DM patients.
Material and Methods: One hundred ninety seven patients age ≥30 years were included in study. Investigations included were FBS, two hours PPBS, HbA1c, serum total cholesterol(TC), serum triglycerides (TG), serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, serum low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) cholesterol, Apo lipoprotein A and Apo lipoprotein B (Apo A & Apo B). Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) = log (TG/HDLc) and Atherogenic coefficient (AC) = (TC– HDLc)/HDLc were calculated). In the present study, we have defined dyslipidaemis when any one parameter of lipid profile was abnormal. Primary outcome measures were to compare dyslipidaemia between good glycemic control and poor glycemic control groups and study correlation between lipid profile and FBS, PPBS and HbA1c. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis.
Results: In poor glycemic control group (HbA1c >7) dyslipdemia was observed in all patients which was statistically significant. FBS had significant direct positive correlation with TC (r = 0.21, P = 0.004), HDL cholesterol (r = 0.25, P = 0.001), LDL cholesterol (r = 0.30, P = 0.001) and APO lipoprotein A( r = 0.35, P = 0.001) whereas PPBS and HbA1c did not show significant correlation with lipid profile.
Conclusion: Glycemic control is important for preventing dyslipidaemia in DM patients.