The leaves of Nerium oleander (Family: Apocynaceae), ethanol fraction of ethanol extract was investigated for it’santiurolithiatic. Ethylene glycol (0.75% in water) feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium and phosphate. EFE extract (250 &500 mg/kg) of Nerium oleander was given orally in curative and preventive regimens over a period of 28 days. Supplementation with extract significantly (P < 0.001) lowered kidney homogenate levels of, calcium and phosphate. Furthermore, high serum levels of BUN, creatinine and uric acid were significantly (P < 0.001) reducedby the extract. The results were comparable with the standard drug, cystone (750 mg/kg). The reduction of stone forming constituents in kidney and their decreased kidney retention reduces the solubility product of crystallizing salts such as calcium and phosphate, which could contribute to the antiurolithiatic property ofthe extract. The extract exhibited significant antiurolithiatic activity at dose of 500 mg/kg body weight as evidenced by histopathological studies
