Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer Worldwide. It accounts for 11.6% (2.6 million) of the total cases of cancer and 18.4% (2.4 million) of the cancer-related deaths based on 2018 GLOBOCON DATA. Among males, it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and also the leading cause of cancer death. Among females it is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of death. The overall 5-year survival rate for lung cancer is approximately 16%, for all stages of lung cancer. In India according to GLOBOCON DATA 2018 lung cancer is the 4th most common cancer and also leading to 3rd common cause of cancer related death in India incidence of lung cancer in India is 70,275 (for all ages and both genders) with an age standardized incidence rate being 6.9 per 100,000 of our population. The lag in the trend of lung cancer in women compared with men reflects historical differences in cigarette smoking between the sexes; cigarette smoking in women peaked about 20 years later than in men. Most lung cancer cases are attributable to cigarette smoking. Voluntary or involuntary cigarette exposure accounts for 80% to 90% of all cases of lung cancer. Indoor radon exposure is considered as the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. Radiotherapy has an important role in the management of approximately 85% of patients with non- small cell lung cancers with both curative and palliative intent. Objective: To analyze the effect of hyperfractionated radiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Method: This prospective clinical study involved 27 histopathological proven patients, conducted during October 2017 to December 2018in the department of Radiotherapy, Pt. JNM medical college and Regional cancer center (RCC) of Dr. BRAM Hospital Raipur. Informed written consent, detail history and complete Physical examination were performed in every patient. Patient were immobilized by help of immobilization device and simulated on CT simulator then treatment was executed with Rapid Arc (RA) technique as per fractionation schedule for the study i.e 1.8 Gy per fraction, 2 daily doses 6 hrs. Apart for 72 Gy in 6wks. Patients were assessed every week for acute toxicities. CT scan was done post 6 weeks of treatment to asses for first clinical response. Frequency tables were used to describe impact of treatment on different stages using chi -square test. Result: In this study the majority of patients had stage IIIB and IIIA disease, 12 out of 27 (44.4%) had IIIB disease, 4 out of 27(14.8%) patients had stage IIIA disease and 3 out of 27 (11.11) patients had IIIC disease. In our study maximum number of patients 42.86% belonged to 50-60 years age group followed by 21.43% in 60-70 year group and 17% in 40-50 years age group. Complete response was seen more in IIIB disease than IIIA disease. Conclusion: Hyper fractionated radiotherapy definitely has a beneficial role in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer although the patients were presented in late stages. Surgical procedure such as lobectomy / pneumonectomy are not often performed in many institutes due to lack of equipment, expertizes and dedicated manpower. Screening for lung cancers can be very beneficial to diagnose the lung cancers in very early stages.
